Early voting for the March 6 Presidential Preference Primary starts today. For obvious reasons, your ballot may look quite different depending on which party’s primary you choose. The Democrats are ceremonially choosing President Barack Obama (though Chattanooga attorney John Wolfe is challenging Obama in this primary, he is not on the ballot in his home state); and the Republican ballot will feature a number of contenders, some of whom have dropped out of the race since the ballot was set.
But just after that section comes two more, if you’re voting in the Republican primary, that bear a little explanation. These are the delegate-candidates.

Let’s dig into what it all means. The Republican National Committee sets a number of delegates each state can send to the national convention. Tennessee gets 58 delegates. Party rules further stipulate that there will be three delegates each from the state’s congressional districts. Tennessee has nine districts; therefore 27 delegates are chosen this way.
There are also 28 at-large delegates. Half of these are chosen by the primary voters, and the other half are chosen by the state executive committee.
How does a person become a candidate to be one of these delegates? The simple answer is twofold: 1) be a bona fide Republican, and 2) convince 100 of your fellow Republicans to sign a nominating petition to get you on this ballot. (Incidentally, that number of signatures is four times what is required to be on the ballot for elective office, even statewide offices such as Governor and U.S. Senator, in this state.)
Delegate-candidates can declare an affiliation with a presidential candidate, or can run as uncommitted. The 2012 GOP race has fluctuated enough over the months that the only candidate who can boast a full slate of at least fourteen committed at-large delegates is former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney; while former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum of Pennsylvania has no committed delegates on this ballot, but nevertheless led in state and some national polls on the eve of early voting.
Texas Governor Rick Perry has ten at-large candidates (and one here in the 3rd District), but has left the race. (The party’s state executive committee has rules designed to deal with these issues.) (Updated to add: former presidential candidates can “release” committed delegates, else those delegates remain committed through two rounds of voting at the national convention. Thanks again to to Mark Winslow.)
But yes, you will want to vote for 14 at-large delegates and 3 district delegates (or use the convenient write-in sections if needed). The primary election is March 6, and early voting starts February 15. The state executive committee meeting is April 7 March 31. (SEC member Mark Winslow, who is an at-large delegate candidate committed to Newt Gingrich, provided the correct date.)
What if I vote in the Democratic Party primary?
By contrast, the Democratic Party does not select any of its convention delegates by public election, but instead through a series of conventions: first local (at the county level), then by congressional district. To add to that, all Democratic party state leaders and certain elected officials are automatic delegates—you may remember the term “superdelegates” from the 2008 race—and are chosen simply by their attained status. Though there are some slight variations, state parties for the most part adopt the national party’s selection rules.
The county-level conventions for the Democrats’ delegate selection process will be held on March 10. Two weeks later, the congressional district conventions will take place, which will elect delegates to the national convention.
Bonus round
You may have figured out from the math above that the GOP has 3 delegates unaccounted-for among the congressional and at-large figures. That’s right: there are three remaining convention delegates that are automatic based on their leadership within the party. 27 congressional + 28 at-large + 3 party leaders = 58 Republican delegates.
Questions? Comments?
Update: more info on the Democratic Party’s process, thanks to the Tennessee Democratic Party
See also: Tennessee Republican Party Bylaws (PDF)